| Grade Level | 10 - 12 | |
| Standards | Inquiry Skills | |
| Students will design and conduct scientific investigations | ||
| Physical Science | ||
| Students will understand the principles of energy | ||
| Life Science | ||
| Students will explain ways that technology has influenced the quality of life | ||
| Earth/Space Science | ||
| Students will understand the importance of natural resources | ||
| Science and Technology | ||
| Students will demonstrate abilities in technological design | ||
| Science In Social and Personal Perspectives | ||
| Students will practice safety | ||
| History and Nature Of Science | ||
| Students will investigate science and technology as a human endeavor | ||
| Objectives |
|
| Materials and Activities | |
| Engage | The teacher will have containers of the supplies used in this lesson for students to observe. Students will predict temperature change possibilities, how long it'll take to harden, will the additives affect the hardening process. |
| Explore | Students will mix an assigned "recipe" of cement, water, clay, sugar, calcium chloride according to teacher's instructions. Students will insert a thermometer to document temperature changes in mixture(s) over a specified amount of time. All observations/documentation will be written in the science lab book. |
| Explain | Students report
to each other what the results of their experiment was. They'll
learn from each other how long it takes a "normal" cement to harden vs. using additives. They'll come to the conclusion that a temperature change occurred during the hardening process. As a class, they discover how sugar and calcium chloride affected the hardening process. |
| Elaborate | The students understand the difference between the chemical and physical changes that occur during the hardening process, with teacher -directed questions. Students may choose to redo the experiment using varying amounts of the additives to see if chemical changes differ. |
| Evaluation | Through teacher questioning, students reflect on their observations and come to conclusions on why using additives may help or hinder the use of cement for certain purposes. Teacher may also ask students to come up with an example of when a contractor may need to use such additives. |
| Homework | Answer questions on page 16 in the book (Putting it All Together). |